核心释义:单词"thin"是英语中一个多词性、多含义的基础词汇,主要作形容词表示"薄的、瘦的、稀少的",也可作动词表示"使变薄、稀释",以及副词表示"薄薄地"。
| 词性 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 形容词 | 薄的、瘦的、稀的 | She picked a thin book from the shelf. (她从书架上选了一本薄的书。) |
| 动词 | 使变薄、稀释、减少 | Add water to thin the paint. (加水稀释油漆。) |
| 副词 | 薄薄地、稀疏地 | Slice the cheese thin for the sandwich. (把奶酪切薄做三明治。) |
作为形容词时,thin有以下几类主要应用场景:
指物体在某维度上测量值小,与"thick"相对:
- Thin paper tears easily.(薄纸容易撕破。)
- The ice is too thin for skating.(冰太薄不能滑冰。)
- He wore a thin jacket in the cold weather.(他在冷天里只穿了一件薄夹克。)
指体重偏轻、脂肪少的身材,中性或略带贬义:
- After her illness, she became very thin.(生病后,她变得很瘦。)
- The model was unusually thin.(那个模特异常消瘦。)
- 注意:描述人瘦的委婉说法常用"slim"(苗条)或"slender"(修长)
指密度低、浓度小、流动性强的物质:
- The soup is too thin; add more vegetables.(汤太稀了,多加些蔬菜。)
- Thin air at high altitudes makes breathing difficult.(高海拔地区空气稀薄,呼吸困难。)
指数量少、分布稀疏、不密集:
- His thin hair made him look older.(他稀疏的头发让他看起来更老。)
- The audience was thin at the evening performance.(晚场演出观众稀少。)
指声音微弱、论点薄弱、理由不充分等:
- She replied in a thin voice.(她用微弱的声音回答。)
- That's a pretty thin excuse.(那是个相当站不住脚的借口。)
| 场景类型 | 示例 | 反义词 |
|---|---|---|
| 物理厚度 | thin paper(薄纸) | thick |
| 体型描述 | a thin person(瘦人) | fat/plump |
| 液体浓度 | thin soup(稀汤) | thick |
| 数量密度 | thin hair(稀疏头发) | thick/dense |
作为动词时,thin表示"使变薄、变稀、减少",常与out、down等副词连用:
- We need to thin the seedlings to give them space to grow.
(我们需要间苗给它们生长空间。)
- The crowd thinned out after the concert.(音乐会后人群逐渐散去。)
- She thinned down the sauce with some water.(她用水把酱汁调稀。)
- His hair is thinning on top.(他头顶的头发正在变稀疏。)
| 短语/搭配 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| thin out | 变稀疏,减少 | The trees thin out near the summit. (靠近山顶树木变得稀疏。) |
| thin down | 变瘦,稀释 | He's thinned down a lot since last year. (自从去年以来他瘦了很多。) |
| thin on top | 头发稀疏 | He's going thin on top. (他头顶头发越来越少了。) |
| thin skin | 脸皮薄,敏感 | Don't criticize him—he has very thin skin. (别批评他—他脸皮很薄。) |
| thin air | 空气稀薄,凭空 | He vanished into thin air. (他消失得无影无踪。) |
| thin excuse | 站不住脚的借口 | That's a thin excuse for being late. (那是个站不住脚的迟到借口。) |
| 词汇 | 含义区别 | 例句对比 |
|---|---|---|
| thin | 中性或略带贬义,指瘦 | He's too thin; he should eat more. (他太瘦了,应该多吃点。) |
| slim | 褒义,苗条修长 | She has a slim figure. (她身材苗条。) |
| skinny | 贬义,皮包骨的瘦 | The skinny dog looked malnourished. (那只瘦骨嶙峋的狗看起来营养不良。) |
| lean | 精瘦,肌肉结实 | Athletes have lean bodies. (运动员有精瘦的身体。) |
在英语文化中,直接描述人的体型时需要特别注意:
礼貌提示:在描述他人体型时,thin可能带有负面含义,暗示不健康或营养不良。更礼貌的表达包括:
直接说某人"too thin"可能被视为不礼貌,除非在非常熟悉的场合或表达关心时:"You're looking thin—are you feeling okay?"(你看起来瘦了—你还好吗?)
请用thin的正确形式填空:
1. She has ______ hair that she often covers with a hat.
2. Please ______ the sauce with a little milk.
3. The fog ______ as the sun rose higher.
4. He made a ______ excuse for his absence.
5. The mountain air is ______ at this altitude.
1. thin
2. thin
3. thinned
4. thin
5. thin
总结:thin是一个简单但多功能的英语词汇,通过掌握其不同词性和各种用法场景,能够大大增强你的英语表达能力。记住在实际使用中要注意文化语境和礼貌含义,特别是在描述人体特征时。
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